par Corine Lesnes, Washington, Le Monde, 26/5/2009
Etablissement pénitentiaire neuf cherche détenus. A Hardin, localité du Montana de 3 600 habitants, les élus croyaient avoir trouvé une clientèle pour leur prison désespérément vide : les occupants de Guantanamo en attente d'hébergement après la fermeture du camp en janvier 2010.
Le comté est l'un des plus pauvres du pays. Grâce à sa prison privée, achevée en 2007, la municipalité espérait créer une centaine d'emplois. Mais le "marché" local n'a pas tenu ses promesses. Aucun détenu n'a été envoyé, ni par l'Etat ni par le gouvernement.
Fin avril, le conseil municipal d'Hardin a donc voté une résolution proposant ses services pour remplacer "Gitmo". Greg Smith, le responsable du développement, a demandé une mise aux normes de haute sécurité de la prison (464 lits). Quant aux évasions, pas de souci, affirme-t-il : il n'y a aucun immeuble élevé et les condamnés auraient du mal à se fondre dans une population à 62 % blanche et 32 % amérindienne.
Le Montana a beau être l'un des Etats américains les moins densément peuplés, le tollé a été instantané chez les élus, y compris les deux sénateurs démocrates et amis du président. "Que Barack Obama les appelle terroristes ou non, c'est exactement ce qu'ils sont", a résumé Denny Rehberg, un élu de l'assemblée locale.
RÉACTIONS IRRATIONNELLES
Comme dans le Montana, les parlementaires américains sont frappés par le syndrome "not in my backyard" ("pas dans ma cour"), dès qu'ils entendent le nom Guantanamo. En Virginie, démocrates et républicains s'opposent à la venue des détenus ouïgours, alors qu'ils ont été déclarés innocents il y a quatre ans par le Pentagone et que la communauté chinoise musulmane est prête à les accueillir. "Un terroriste est un terroriste, a déclaré le représentant républicain Frank Wolf. Je suis très critique par rapport à la Chine, mais je ne suis pas favorable à ce que les citoyens fassent sauter les Jeux olympiques ou s'attaquent à la population chinoise."
La semaine dernière, le président Obama a tenté de calmer les réactions "irrationnelles" en rappelant qu'un certain nombre d'individus dangereux se trouvent déjà dans les prisons américaines, notamment à "SuperMax", dans le Colorado : Ramzi Youssef, condamné pour l'attentat de 1993 contre le World Trade Center ; le "shoe bomber" Richard Reid ; le 20e pilote présumé Zacarias Moussaoui... Depuis, les démocrates ont promis d'examiner son "plan" quand il sera prêt.
Les partisans d'Hardin savent qu'ils ont peu de chances de remporter le marché. Comme l'a expliqué à Time Magazine George Lammers, le propriétaire du Trading Post, le climat est rude sur les plateaux et le vent horriblement desséchant. Pour des détenus habitués à des températures tropicales, "ce serait une torture".
Source : http://www.lemonde.fr/ameriques/article/2009/05/26/hardin-la-commune-du-montana-aux-etats-unis-qui-revait-d-etre-guantanamo_1198104_3222.html#ens_id=1073709
PROPOSITION Hardin, une localité du Montana, défraie la chronique en voulant repeupler sa prison, désespérément vide.
© DR La prison de Hardin est vide, en raison de la faible criminalité du Montana. On y accueillerait volontiers les détenus de Guantánamo.
La prison de Deux-Rivières devait créer une centaine d’emplois à Hardin, petite ville de 3384 habitants dans le Montana. Mais, près de deux ans après son inauguration, l’établissement qui jouxte la réserve indienne des Crow est toujours vide. Du coup, la Municipalité de Hardin a eu une idée pour sauver l’établissement: accueillir les quelque 240 détenus de Guantánamo.
«Quelqu’un doit se porter volontaire et les accepter (ndlr: les prisonniers de Guantánamo) chez lui», déclare Greg Smith, directeur de Deux-Rivières. «Nous avons une prison et ils (ndlr: la Maison-Blanche) ont besoin d’aide.»
Des élus hostilesDepuis qu’il a annoncé la fermeture du pénitencier de Guantánamo, le 22 janvier dernier, Barack Obama cherche où placer les prisonniers. Jusqu’ici, il a dû composer avec l’opposition d’élus de nombreux Etats. Ceux du Montana se sont d’ailleurs immédiatement désolidarisés de l’initiative de Hardin. Malgré cette fin de non-recevoir des élus locaux, Greg Smith affirme que la ville de Hardin n’abandonnera pas. La Municipalité s’adresse directement aux représentants du gouvernement. «Comment le président peut-il donner des droits aux détenus de Guantánamo si personne n’accepte de les recevoir?» s’interroge-t-il.
La prison, qui a coûté 27 millions de dollars et où 460 personnes peuvent être incarcérées, n’a pas accueilli le moindre détenu: la criminalité dans la région se limite le plus souvent aux abus d’alcool et de produits stupéfiants. Greg Smith affirme que l’établissement peut être facilement transformé en pénitencier de sécurité maximale. «Nous avons des cellules d’isolement et même un petit tribunal sur place si besoin, poursuit-il. Notre bâtiment répond aux normes de sécurité les plus élevées.»
Greg Smith et la Municipalité de Hardin font parler d’eux aux Etats-Unis. Rant Rave, un site internet, a d’ailleurs rebaptisé la petite localité Montanamo Bay. Le gouvernement, qui concentrait jusqu’ici ses recherches sur les bases militaires et des pénitenciers de haute sécurité, n’a pas encore pris position. Greg Smith, lui, croit en ses chances: «Nous n’offrons peut-être pas la solution idéale, mais mieux vaut considérer le verre à moitié plein plutôt que de le voir à moitié vide.»
Smalltown USA's Guantanamo hopes
Could terror detainees from Guantanamo be housed in this prison in Hardin, Montana?
Barack Obama has ordered the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, to be closed by early next year, and as the fate of the remaining 240 prisoners is decided some could be moved to the US for trial or continued detention.
Al Jazeera's Rob Reynolds travelled to the town of Hardin in the US state of Montana to find out why it has offered to take in some of the detainees.
They call eastern Montana "big sky country" - a vast sweep of prairie stretching from horizon to rugged horizon. Towering thunderclouds roiled the sky as we approached Hardin, population 3,400.
It is a long way from Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. But if people here get their way, up to 100 detainees now held in Guantanamo will soon be living in a brand new prison on the edge of town.
I toured the empty, never-used jail with Greg Smith, Hardin's economic development director.
It is a windowless, low-slung tan concrete hulk surrounded by a double row of high mesh fence topped with gleaming coils of razor wire.
Earlier this month, Hardin's town council voted unanimously to offer the US government a deal: Send Hardin the detainees that most foreign countries and other cities the US are afraid to take.
"Why not us?" Smith asks. "They've got to go somewhere."
He dismisses security concerns over housing inmates former Bush administration officials famously described as "the worst of the worst".
"We have some very hardened criminals in our own country that have committed some heinous crimes, and they are in communities all across this country," Smith argues.
A desperate town
Smith says the prison represents his town'squest for a piece of the "American dream"It is an unusual offer - but Hardin is an unusually desperate town.
Decent, well-paid jobs are scarce here on the prairie. The unemployment rate is more than 10 per cent in Big Horn County, and even higher on the neighboring Crow Native American reservation.
Hardin's streets are full of empty storefronts and shabby houses. Intoxicated men and women stagger out of the numerous bars and alcohol stores lining the main road. This town has been down on its luck for a long time.
"We're the poorest county in the state and one of the poorest counties in the nation," Smith says.
He estimates at least 100 new jobs would come from filling the prison, a real boost to this small, beleaguered community.
Smith describes the town's quest to become a new penal colony as "a piece of the American dream."
"Like anything in America, we're looking for opportunities," he says.
Smith says the prison represents his town'squest for a piece of the "American dream"
Mixed opinions
"I don't really like the word terrorist but ... it would create jobs, bring people into the town and increase home ownership"
Clare Carleton, Hardin residentThe prison, built to hold 464 inmates, was authorised five years ago. Hardin officials raised $27m in municipal revenue bonds to build it.
But then, a new governor was elected and decided not to use it. Now the bonds are in default.
Hardin has pleaded with state officials to send them prisoners, any kind of prisoners: inmates from out of state, sex offenders, criminal illegal aliens. Every effort failed.
The proposal to install a "Big Sky Gitmo" has attracted considerable local, national and international media attention.
But at the Bighorn grocery store a few hundred meters from the prison, people voiced mixed opinions.
"For this area, I think it'd be a economic boom," said Cindy Book, a local woman, while Hardin pizza restaurant owner Clare Carleton says she thought long and hard before deciding to support the prison plan.
"I don't really like the word terrorist but ... it would create jobs, bring people into the town and increase home ownership," she said.
"I think it's really going to help our community."
But local Ron Williamson worries about the proximity of detainees to the Crow Indian Reservation, where he lives.
"They'll be bringing in terrorists, that's what I think!" he declared.
Heated debate
But Montana's senators and congressmen have blocked Hardin's Gitmo gambit, fearing the state's reputation would suffer.
And while the prison in Montana sits empty, the debate over what to do with the Guantanamo detainees is heating up in Washington.
The Obama administration is not saying where it intends to put them, but politicians from both parties have made it clear it's a case of "not in our backyards".
Congress is considering a measure that would bar detainees from being brought to US soil, while at a recent senate hearing, lawmakers seemed scared that detainees might run wild, terrorising the countryside.
"We have to make sure streets and neighborhoods are not going to be the repository of Guantanamo prisoners," said Barbara Mikulski, a Democrat senator.
Eric Holder, the US attorney general, tried to calm those fears, promising: "We are not going to put at risk the safety of the people of this country."
But Richard Shelby, Republican senator for the state of Alabama, asked Holder in an incredulous tone: "Do you know of any community in the US that would welcome terrorists, would be terrorists, former terrorists incarcerated in Guantanamo?"
Hardin's 'holy grail'?
Many in the Hardin community feel the prisoncould turn their fortunes aroundOf course, there is one such community and it is determined to keep on trying.
Greg Smith clearly sees the Guantanamo detainees as a kind of modern-day holy grail.
"If you're gonna believe in something, you have say, OK, I'm willing to put it in my back yard," he said.
There is something strange and somehow dismaying about the idea that the national disgrace many feel is represented by Guantanamo could be transformed into a positive benefit for anyone.
Guantanamo, to many Americans and the majority of people abroad, is synonymous with the disregard of human rights, indefinite detention, torture, and despair.
Many in the Hardin community feel the prisoncould turn their fortunes around
A last stand
Before we left Hardin, we drove about 30 minutes to the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument.
On June 25, 1876, 263 soldiers and other personnel of the US Seventh Cavalry, commanded by the dashing Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, attacked a large encampment of Lakota Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians.
Custer and his men were then annihilated in one of the Native Americans' greatest military triumphs.
But of course it was a Pyrrhic victory; within a few years almost all of the Great Plains Indians were either killed or herded onto prison-like reservations, their traditional way of life shattered forever.
It remains one of the greatest tragedies in American history.
I sensed an almost eerie connection, somehow, between the wars that devastated the Indians and the devastation of the so-called war on terror; a link between Custer's last stand and Hardin's quixotic quest.
In the 19th century, pursuit of the US concept of "manifest destiny" and unbridled power led US policymakers to ignore the human rights of native peoples, treating them as sub-human.
In the 21st century, America is again embroiled in wars against people it does not fully understand, extending its military power worldwide with what many see as little regard for the long-term consequences.
As I stood regarding the white marble headstones that marked the places where Custer's men fell on that day so long ago, a cold gust of rain swept over the prairie.
It was time to leave big sky country, its tragic history, and its troubled present.
Source: http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2009/05/2009515211913607892.html
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